PROBABLE CAUSE |
GENERAL EFFECT |
PROBABLE REMEDY |
HARDNESS (calcium & magnesium) |
Scale in pipes and water heaters; cause "soap curd" on fixtures, tile, dishes & laundry; low sudsing characteristics. |
Removal by Ion exchange softener. |
IRON/MANGANESE |
Causes discolored water; red, brown, orange or black stains on fixtures, appliances and laundry; dark scal in pipes and water heaters. |
Low level (2ppm) removal by ion exchange softener when hardness is also present; best removed by oxidizing iron filter, aeration and/or chlorination followed by filtration in some cases. |
IRON/MANGANESE/ SULFER BACTERIA |
Same general effects as above, plus slimy deposits that form in pumps, pipes, softeners and toilet tanks. |
Low level removal possible by oxidizing iron filter, best removed by chlorination followed by filtration. |
HYDROGEN SULFIDE GAS |
Foul rotten-egg odor, corrosion to plumbing; tarnishes silver and stains fixtures and laundry; ruins the taste of foods and beverages. |
Best removed by aeration, scrubbing & filtration; also removed by oxidizing filters or chlorination followed by filtration. |
TURBIDITY |
Suspended matter in water; examples include mud, clag, silt and sand; can ruin seats, seals and moving parts in appliances. |
Removal by backwashing sediment filters; extra fine treatment utilizing sediment cartridge elements. |
ACID WATER (low pH) |
Corrosive water attacks piping and other metals, red and/or green staining of fixtures and laundry. |
Best corrected by neutralizing filters or soda ash feeding. |
TASTE/ODOR/COLOR (organic matter) |
Makes water unpalatable; can cause staining. |
Depending on the nature of contaminant, aeration followed by filtration; carbon filtration chlorination followed by filtration. |
TANNINS/HUMIC ACID |
Can impart an "iced tea" color water; causes light staining, can affect taste of foods & beverages. |
Removal by special Ion exchange or oxidizing agents & filtration. |
COLIFORM BACTERIA |
Can cause serious desease & intestinal disorders. |
Chlorination & filtration is most widely practiced; iodination, ozonation & ultraviolet treatment are used to a lesser degree. |
ORGANIC HALIDES (e.g. Herbicides & Pesticides) |
Can cause serious desease and/or poisoning. |
Most are readily removed by absorption with carbon filters; some can be removed by hydrolysis & oxidation. |
NITRATES/CHLORIDES & SULFATES |
Can cause health-related problems if quantities are high. |
Removal +A1:C12by special ion exchange, deionization process or reverse osmosis. |